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Biotope
Biotope is an area of uniform environmental conditions providing a living place for a specific assemblage of plants and animals. Biotope is almost synonymous with the term habitat, which is more commonly used in English-speaking countries. However, in some countries these two terms are distinguished: the subject of a habitat is a population, the subject of a biotope is a ''biocoenosis'' or ''biological community.〔Toshiyuki Hoshino. ''Fundamental research in nurtural management of large biotope aiming for regeneration of nature: Introduction.'', from ()〕
It is an English loanword derived from the German "''Biotop''", which in turn came from the Greek bios='life' or 'organism' and topos='place'. (The related word ''geotope'' has made its way into the English language by the same route, from the German "''Geotop''".) The word biotope, literally translated, means an area where life lives.
==Ecology==
The concept of a biotope was first advocated by Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919), a German zoologist famous for the recapitulation theory. In his book ''General Morphology'' (1866), which defines the term "ecology", he stresses the importance of the concept of habitat as a prerequisite for an organism's existence. Heackel also explains that with one ecosystem, its biota is shaped by environmental factors (such as water, soil, and geographical features) and interaction among living things; the original idea of a biotope was closely related to evolutional theory. Following this, F. Dahl, a professor at the Berlin Zoological Museum, referred to this ecological system as a "biotope" (biotop) (1908).〔Atushi Iwasawa.(2005). ''Preservation of biotope from zoological view point: Introduction: What is biotope?'', from (The January, 2005, issue of ''Biological Science News'' ) 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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